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Antigenic variation of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and SIV, respectively), as reflected by the neutralizing antibody response, leads to the emergence of variants able to evade neutralization in the infected host. The protective effect of antibodies is thereby circumvented. In contrast, a vigorous neutralizing antibody response characterizes HIV-2 infection. Neutralization resistant variant viruses cannot be documented with the same regularity as in HIV-1 infection of humans or SIV infection of macaques. These features may contribute to the delayed, if any, disease development in HIV-2 infection.

HIV/SIV neutralization team in 2005


From left: Monica Öberg, research assistant, Birgitta Holmgren, Assistant Professor and Anna Laurén, PhD student.

Lund extended research group at the occasion of the visit of Nobel Laureate Françoise Barré-Sinoussi in Lund


From left: Marianne Jansson, Associate Professor, Ulf Karlsson, MD infectious medicine, Patrik Medstrand, Associate Professor, Joakim Esbjörnsson, Fredrik Månsson and Marie Broggren, PhD students, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine 2008, Eva Maria Fenyö, group leader, Gülsen Özkaya Sahin and Enas Sheik-Khalil, PhD students, Elzbieta Vincic, research assistant, Johanna Repits, PhD, Hans Norrgren MD infectious medicine.

List of 14 key publications

1: Ljunggren K, Biberfeld G, Jondal M, Fenyö EM. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity detects type- and strain-specific antigens among human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac isolates. J Virol. 1989 Aug;63(8):3376-81. PMID: 2746734

2: Albert J, Abrahamsson B, Nagy K, Aurelius E, Gaines H, Nyström G, Fenyö EM. Rapid development of isolate-specific neutralizing antibodies after primary HIV-1 infection and consequent emergence of virus variants which resist neutralization by autologous sera. AIDS. 1990 Feb;4(2):107-12. PMID: 2328092.

3: Scarlatti G, Albert J, Rossi P, Hodara V, Biraghi P, Muggiasca L, Fenyö EM. Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: correlation with neutralizing antibodies against primary isolates. J Infect Dis. 1993 Jul;168(1):207-10. PubMed PMID: 8515110.

4: Björling E, Scarlatti G, von Gegerfelt A, Albert J, Biberfeld G, Chiodi F, Norrby E, Fenyö EM. Autologous neutralizing antibodies prevail in HIV-2 but not in HIV-1 infection. Virology. 1993 Mar;193(1):528-30. PubMed PMID: 8438591.

5: Fenyö EM. Antigenic variation of primate lentiviruses in humans and experimentally infected macaques. Immunol Rev. 1994 Aug;140:131-46. Review. PubMed PMID: 7821925.

6: Weber J, Fenyö EM, Beddows S, Kaleebu P, Björndal A. Neutralization serotypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 field isolates are not predicted by genetic subtype. The WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization. J Virol. 1996 Nov;70(11):7827-32. PMID: 8892904.

7: Fenyö EM, Putkonen P. Broad cross-neutralizing activity in serum is associated with slow progression and low risk of transmission in primate lentivirus infections. Immunol Lett. 1996 Jun;51(1-2):95-9. PubMed PMID: 8811351.

8: Zhang YJ, Fracasso C, Fiore JR, Björndal A, Angarano G, Gringeri A, Fenyö EM. Augmented serum neutralizing activity against primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates in two groups of HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. J Infect Dis. 1997 Nov;176(5):1180-7. PMID: 9359717.

9: Shi Y, Brandin E, Vincic E, Jansson M, Blaxhult A, Gyllensten K, Moberg L, Broström C, Fenyö EM, Albert J. Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 coreceptor usage, autologous neutralization, envelope sequence and glycosylation. J Gen Virol. 2005 Dec;86(Pt 12):3385-96. PMID: 16298986.

10: Laurén A, Thorstensson R, Fenyö EM. Comparative studies on mucosal and intravenous transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm): the kinetics of evolution to neutralization resistance are related to progression rate of disease. J Gen Virol. 2006 Mar;87(Pt 3):595-606. PMID: 16476980

11: Fenyö EM, Heath A, Dispinseri S, Holmes H, Lusso P, Zolla-Pazner S, Donners H, Heyndrickx L, Alcami J, Bongertz V, Jassoy C, Malnati M, Montefiori D, Moog C, Morris L, Osmanov S, Polonis V, Sattentau Q, Schuitemaker H, Sutthent R, Wrin T, Scarlatti G. International network for comparison of HIV neutralization assays: the NeutNet report. PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4505. Epub 2009 Feb 20. PMID: 19229336.

12: Ozkaya Sahin G, Bowles EJ, Parker J, Uchtenhagen H, Sheik-Khalil E, Taylor S, Pybus OG, Mäkitalo B, Walther-Jallow L, Spångberg M, Thorstensson R, Achour A, Fenyö EM, Stewart-Jones GB, Spetz AL. Generation of neutralizing antibodies and divergence of SIVmac239 in cynomolgus macaques following short-term early antiretroviral therapy. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Sep 2;6(9):e1001084. PMID: 20824092.

13: Ozkaya Sahin G, Holmgren B, da Silva Z, Nielsen J, Nowroozalizadeh S, Esbjörnsson J, Månsson F, Andersson S, Norrgren H, Aaby P, Jansson M, Fenyö EM. Potent intratype neutralizing activity distinguishes human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) from HIV-1. J Virol. 2012 Jan;86(2):961-71. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22072782.

14: Heyndrickx L, Heath A, Sheik-Khalil E, Alcami J, Bongertz V, Jansson M, Malnati M, Montefiori D, Moog C, Morris L, Osmanov S, Polonis V, Ramaswamy M, Sattentau Q, Tolazzi M, Schuitemaker H, Willems B, Wrin T, Fenyö EM, Scarlatti G. International network for comparison of HIV neutralization assays: the NeutNet report II. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36438. Epub 2012 May 9. PMID: 22590544